Table of Contents
What happens at the molecular level when something dissolves?
Substances dissolved in a liquid form a solution. This means that the atoms of the dissolved substance are between the molecules of the liquid and cannot be separated by filtration.
What is happening on a molecular level when water dissolves a substance?
Water molecules pull the sodium and chloride ions apart, breaking the ionic bond that held them together. After the salt compounds are pulled apart, the sodium and chloride atoms are surrounded by water molecules, as this diagram shows. Once this happens, the salt is dissolved, resulting in a homogeneous solution.
How well does a substance dissolve?
Solubility is a property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent. It is measured in terms of the maximum amount of solute dissolved in a solvent at equilibrium. The resulting solution is called a saturated solution.
When a solvent can still dissolve a solute?
When the solution equilibrium point is reached and no more solute will dissolve, the solution is said to be saturated. A saturated solution is a solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that is capable of being dissolved. At 20°C, the maximum amount of NaCl that will dissolve in 100.
How do you know if a solute will dissolve in a solvent?
The best way to tell if something will dissolve is to look at the polarities of the solvent and the solute. If the polarities of the solvent and solute match (both are polar or both are nonpolar), then the solute will probably dissolve.
How does the temperature of a solvent affect dissolving?
the temperature of a solvent affects the speed at which a solute dissolves. Students will be able to explain, on the molecular level, why increasing temperature increases the rate of dissolving.
How does solvation work in the dissolving process?
Solvation involves surrounding ions with solvent particles. Ionic solute molecules are hydrated (surrounded by solvent molecules in a specific orientation). Does the bond-breaking step require energy or release energy?
How are water molecules involved in the dissolving process?
Summary 1 Motion of water molecules helps break up interactions between solid ions or molecules. 2 Solvation involves surrounding ions with solvent particles. 3 Ionic solute molecules are hydrated (surrounded by solvent molecules in a specific orientation).
What are the factors that affect the rate of dissolving?
In this section, you examined the factors that affect the rate of dissolving: temperature, agitation, and particle size. Next you looked at the forces between solute and solvent particles. Finally, you considered three main factors that affect solubility: molecule size, temperature, and pressure.